Bias To prove inflation, get some inflated data Kaiser finds a startup who has data on current Ivy League GPAs.
observational studies All evidence are not created equal and some evidence are more equal than others Kaiser considers the controversy over the recent colonoscopy trial results.
a/b testing Why no serious researchers conduct "per protocol" analyses Or, the importance of random treatment assignment
observational data With adjustments comes responsibility Kaiser explains how adjusted per-protocol analysis leads to different conclusions in the colonoscopy trial.
Cause-effect Other numbers from the colonoscopy trial Kaiser highlights some other metrics from the colonoscopy study